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Cyanea marksii

Rock (1957)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Cyanea

hāhā [haha]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Palm-like trees 2 m tall.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades dimorphic juveniles obovate to oblong, blades 13–18 cm long, 5.5–7 cm wide; adults oblong to oblanceolate, blades 25–31 cm long, 8–12 cm wide. Apex of juvenilles obtuse to acute; adults apex acute. Base juveniles base rounded to obtuse; adults base cuneate. Juveniles: Upper surfaces aculeate; lower surfaces pubescent and aculeate. Adults: Upper surfaces smooth or muricate; lower surfaces pubescent. Margins (in juvenile plants) callose–denticulate to callose–dentate; adults margins minutely callose–denticulate. Juveniles petioles 2.5–4 cm long, aculeate; adults petioles 8–14 cm long, sparsely muricate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 5–8–flowered, clustered among the leaves, peduncles 10–20 mm long, pedicels 10–20 mm long; hypanthium oblong, 12–15 mm long, 7–3 mm wide, pubescent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 5-lobed, lobes narrowly triangular, 8–10 mm long, 2–4 mm wide, apex acute; tube adnate to ovary. Corolla zygomorphic, blackish purple externally, white within, 70–80 mm long, 5–7 mm wide, pubescent, the tube arcuate, the lobes spreading, 1⁄2–¾ as long as the tube, sparsely muricate. Stamens 5, alternate with corolla lobes, connate; staminal column glabrous to sparsely pubescent; anthers glabrous or pubescent, the lower 2 with apical tufts of white hairs, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits, coherent but separating after anthesis or connate and forming a tube into which pollen is shed; filaments distinct or connate above, attached to the epigynous nectary disk or to base of corolla, rarely adnate to corolla tube. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; ovule placentation axile; stigma 2-lobed, wet or dry, appressed and nonreceptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out the pollen, after which the stigmas spread apart and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries ellipsoid; 14–18 mm long; crowned by the persistent calyx lobes. Seeds numerous; small; brown to black; smooth; shiny; 0.2–0.5(–2) mm long; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in wet forest.

Elevation Range: 925–1,200 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 22: 52 (1957)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:457 (H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. carlquist 593 Maui US
2 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Carlquist, S. 2075 Hawaii US 7/27/2013
3 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14569 Hawaii US 9/4/1916
4 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. carlquist 2075 Kauai US
5 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information pit crater; Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Cheirodendron trigynum, Cibotium, Myrsine lessertiana, Dryopteris wallichiana, Pittosporum hosmeri, Rubus hawaiensis, Pipturus albidus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN perlman, s.p. bio, k. collector number: 20960 Hawaii BISH 4/2/2008
6 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. carlquist 2075 Hawaii US 7/27/2013
7 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In uniform rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 25631 Hawaii BISH 12/10/1956
8 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. mceldowney, p.h. collector number: frw 1937 Hawaii BISH 7/2/1978
9 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. mceldowney, p.h. collector number: frw 1870 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1978
10 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 1937 Hawaii BISH 7/2/1978
11 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In wet Metrosideros polymorpha forest with Urera sandwicensis, Broussaisia arguta, Pipturus, Cyrtandra. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Carlquist, S. 2075 Hawaii BISH 7/27/1966
12 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Common in Toona planation and in native (less so) stand above; large stand in Toona grove. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 1701 Hawaii BISH 7/7/1970
13 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 26005 Hawaii BISH 1/1/1958
14 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 25708 Hawaii BISH 3/12/1957
15 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Rain forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 25641 Hawaii BISH 12/10/1956
16 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information on wooded ridge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 26015 Oahu BISH 1/8/1958
17 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. collector number: frw 1870 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1978
18 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 26005 Hawaii BISH 1/8/1958
19 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hillebrand, W.B. s.n. Hawaii BISH 1873-00-00
20 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 1937 Hawaii BISH 7/2/1978
21 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In wet Metrosideros polymorpha forest with Urera sandwicensis, Broussaisia arguta, Pipturus, Cyrtandra. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN carlquist, s. collector number: 2075 Hawaii BISH 7/27/1966
22 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 26015 Hawaii BISH 1/1/1958
23 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Rain forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 25641 Hawaii BISH 12/10/1956
24 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information mountain apple PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand, w.b. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 1873-01-08
25 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. PreservedSpecimen Warshauer, F.R. McEldowney, P.H. Collector Number: FRW 1870 BISH Specimen 6/19/1978
26 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Forest, common in newly opened area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bryan, L.W. s.n. Hawaii BISH 2/19/1957
27 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information abandoned papaya field; with Ageratum, grasses and under shade of Samanea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 26011 Hawaii BISH 1/8/1958
28 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information pit crater; Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Cheirodendron trigynum, Cibotium, Myrsine lessertiana, Dryopteris wallichiana, Pittosporum hosmeri, Rubus hawaiensis, Pipturus albidus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. 20960 Hawaii BISH 4/2/2008
29 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In uniform rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 25631 Hawaii BISH 12/10/1956
30 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information pit crater; Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Cheirodendron trigynum, Cibotium, Myrsine lessertiana, Dryopteris wallichiana, Pittosporum hosmeri, Rubus hawaiensis, Pipturus albidus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S.P. Bio, K. Collector Number: 20960 Hawaii BISH 4/2/2008
31 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 1870 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1978
32 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lydgate, J.M. s.n. Hawaii BISH 1873-00-00
33 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand, w.b. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 1873-01-08
34 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet Forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lydgate, j.m. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 1873-01-08
35 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information hanging pot in partial shade PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bryan, l.w. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 2/19/1957
36 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 26011 Hawaii BISH 1/1/1958
37 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Marks, A.L. 25631a Hawaii BISH 1/25/1957
38 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Growing on summit of Puu in chalky Trachyte soil. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN marks, a.l. collector number: 25631a Maui BISH 1/25/1957
39 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 25708 Hawaii BISH 3/12/1957
40 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 25631 Oahu BISH 12/10/1956
41 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN marks, a.l. collector number: 25631a Hawaii BISH 1/25/1957
42 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Acacia koa- Metrosideros mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 23176 Hawaii PTBG 12/12/2012
43 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In Acacia koa- Metrosideros forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 20960 Hawaii PTBG 4/2/2008
44 Cyanea marksii Rock Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Common in Toona planation and in native (less so) stand above; large stand in Toona grove. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 1701 Hawaii BISH 7/7/1970
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