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Cyanea marksii

Rock (1957)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Cyanea

hāhā [haha]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Palm-like trees 2 m tall.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades dimorphic juveniles obovate to oblong, blades 13–18 cm long, 5.5–7 cm wide; adults oblong to oblanceolate, blades 25–31 cm long, 8–12 cm wide. Apex of juvenilles obtuse to acute; adults apex acute. Base juveniles base rounded to obtuse; adults base cuneate. Juveniles: Upper surfaces aculeate; lower surfaces pubescent and aculeate. Adults: Upper surfaces smooth or muricate; lower surfaces pubescent. Margins (in juvenile plants) callose–denticulate to callose–dentate; adults margins minutely callose–denticulate. Juveniles petioles 2.5–4 cm long, aculeate; adults petioles 8–14 cm long, sparsely muricate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 5–8–flowered, clustered among the leaves, peduncles 10–20 mm long, pedicels 10–20 mm long; hypanthium oblong, 12–15 mm long, 7–3 mm wide, pubescent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 5-lobed, lobes narrowly triangular, 8–10 mm long, 2–4 mm wide, apex acute; tube adnate to ovary. Corolla zygomorphic, blackish purple externally, white within, 70–80 mm long, 5–7 mm wide, pubescent, the tube arcuate, the lobes spreading, 1⁄2–¾ as long as the tube, sparsely muricate. Stamens 5, alternate with corolla lobes, connate; staminal column glabrous to sparsely pubescent; anthers glabrous or pubescent, the lower 2 with apical tufts of white hairs, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits, coherent but separating after anthesis or connate and forming a tube into which pollen is shed; filaments distinct or connate above, attached to the epigynous nectary disk or to base of corolla, rarely adnate to corolla tube. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; ovule placentation axile; stigma 2-lobed, wet or dry, appressed and nonreceptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out the pollen, after which the stigmas spread apart and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries ellipsoid; 14–18 mm long; crowned by the persistent calyx lobes. Seeds numerous; small; brown to black; smooth; shiny; 0.2–0.5(–2) mm long; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in wet forest.

Elevation Range: 925–1,200 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 22: 52 (1957)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:457 (H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Hawaii BISH 1873-01-01
2 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Fls.: Corolla black, pubescent, calyx green. Marks, A.L. 25631 Hawaii BISH 1957-01-25
3 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 26015 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-01
4 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Marks, A.L. 25631 Hawaii BISH 1957-01-25
5 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 26005 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-01
6 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 26011 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-01
7 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Common in Toona planation and in native (less so) stand above; large stand in Toona grove. Preserved_Specimen No flowers, few minute buds; much orange mature fruit; tall (to 7'), unbranched, frequently bent at base with lowest foot or two along ground, or just bent; rooting about ground parts; leaves and stems with spines. Herbst, D.R. 1701 Hawaii BISH 1970-07-07
8 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Juvenile; 1.5 m tall from 1-2 basal stems. Flower large w/deep magenta or purple corolla. 6 short, vertical stems. Warshauer, F.R. 1937 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-02
9 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rain forest. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 25641 Hawaii BISH 1956-12-10
10 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH 1873-01-01
11 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH 1873-01-01
12 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details pit crater; Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Cheirodendron trigynum, Cibotium, Myrsine lessertiana, Dryopteris wallichiana, Pittosporum hosmeri, Rubus hawaiensis, Pipturus albidus Preserved_Specimen multiple heads; flower purple; immature fruit Perlman, S. 20960 Hawaii BISH 2008-04-02
13 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In wet Metrosideros polymorpha forest with Urera sandwicensis, Broussaisia arguta, Pipturus, Cyrtandra. Preserved_Specimen Herb, a little woody at base but succulent through-out, unbranched or if branched with only one main stem, fls. purple outside, white within. Carlquist, S. 2075 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-27
14 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In uniform rain forest Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 25631 Hawaii BISH 1956-12-10
15 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest, common in newly opened area. Preserved_Specimen Leaves spiny; fls.: corolla blackish-purple, calyx light-green. Bryan, L.W. Hawaii BISH 1957-02-19
16 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Decumbent, creeping stems; 15-200 cm high. Mature fruit and buds, 37 shoots, leaves and stems armed. Warshauer, F.R. 1870 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-19
17 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Decumbent, creeping stems; 15-200 cm high. Mature fruit and buds, 37 shoots, leaves and stems armed. Warshauer, F.R. 1870 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-19
18 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Common in Toona planation and in native (less so) stand above; large stand in Toona grove. Preserved_Specimen No flowers, few minute buds; much orange mature fruit; tall (to 7'), unbranched, frequently bent at base with lowest foot or two along ground, or just bent; rooting about ground parts; leaves and stems with spines. Herbst, D.R. 1701 Hawaii BISH 1970-07-07
19 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Plant 6-10 ft tall. Rock, J.F.C. 25708 Hawaii BISH 1957-03-12
20 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Juvenile; 1.5 m tall from 1-2 basal stems. Flower large w/deep magenta or purple corolla. 6 short, vertical stems. Warshauer, F.R. 1937 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-02
21 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In uniform rain forest Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 25631 Hawaii BISH 1956-12-10
22 Cyanea marksii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen One plant, 2 ft high, plus fr. Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-08-31
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